WHEN Zimbabwean mother-of-four Eunice Sinoya enrolled in a first aid course near the capital Harare she was lured by the college's promise of a job in Britain's care sector.
But more than a year on, she is sitting at home with her dream in tatters, the victim of a fraud that has cost her thousands of dollars. She is not alone.
Police in Zimbabwe are investigating reports of dozens of scams that have exploited booming demand for basic healthcare qualifications, which are increasingly seen as a ticket to jobs overseas.
Sinoya, 45, said she sold family land to pay for bogus sponsorship and flights that never materialised while doing a course in Norton, 40km west of Harare.
"I was promised they'd get me a sponsor who would take me to the UK. I didn't suspect anything. I thought it was genuine," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Basic healthcare courses — known as nurse aide courses — have proliferated across the southern African country in recent years, with local media describing them as "the new gold".
Their popularity has been fuelled by Zimbabwe's economic crisis coupled with high demand for health and care workers in countries like Britain, where there are massive staff shortages.
However, the scramble for nurse aide qualifications has also given con artists an opportunity to cash in.
A police source said some victims had been tricked into paying for bogus courses or fake certificates while others, like Sinoya, were duped into spending huge sums with false promises of jobs in Britain.
Most frauds have been reported in Harare and Zimbabwe's second-biggest city Bulawayo.
Nurse aide courses used to attract people with few qualifications. But students now also include lawyers, bank staff, business people and other professionals desperate to escape crippling inflation, dwindling opportunities and a rapidly depreciating currency.
A trainer at one school run by the Red Cross said some courses had 200 students, with numbers having quadrupled in recent years.
Demand for places intensified in 2022 after Britain opened up a new visa route for overseas workers to help fill more than 160,000 vacancies in the care sector following the Covid-19 pandemic and Britain's departure from the European Union.
Britain granted 21,130 Zimbabweans health and care worker visas in the year up to September 2023, up from 7,846 the preceding year and 915 the year before, according to official data.
An overseas carer in Britain earns a minimum £20,960 a year — a low wage given the high cost of living, but more than 10 times what many teachers in Zimbabwe earn. Those taking nurse aide courses even include some professional nurses seeking to bypass government attempts to stop them migrating.
Nurses in Zimbabwe say the government — worried about a medical brain drain — is blocking them from taking nursing jobs overseas by withholding documents required by employers.
Nurse aide courses have long been offered by organisations like the Red Cross and St John Ambulance, but recently many small institutes have sprung up across Zimbabwe to meet rising demand. Charges range from US$100 to US$400.
The college Sinoya enrolled in featured photos of smiling graduates and testimonials from past students on its website.
"The college called it a crash programme, where they would be teaching us about what is needed in the UK," she said.
"I graduated at a colourful event along with other students. I was so happy. I couldn't wait."
The fact that the college advertised free sponsorship had attracted many people like her, she said. Carers seeking jobs in Britain must find an employer — also known as a sponsor — before they can get a visa.
Once enrolled on the course, Sinoya was asked for payments totalling US$4,500. These included legitimate charges for an English language test, TB test and police background check, but also payments for flights and US$2,000 for unexplained "consultation fees".
"I had to sell family land for US$6,000 so that I could pay the college," Sinoya said.
"I asked, 'When am I leaving for the UK?' But no one responded. I later learned I'd been scammed — the woman running the college was bogus and on the run for duping many people."
The writers are from Reuters
